Introduction: financing refers to the behavior and process of an enterprise to raise funds. Is also the company according to its production operating conditions, possess the financial situation, as well as the company for future business development needs, through scientific prediction and decision by a certain way, from certain channels to investors and creditors of the company to raise funds, fund supply, to ensure the company's normal production needs, management activities need financial behavior.
Finance now the biggest problem is that small and medium-sized enterprises in China's economic development, there is no analysis of the restricting factors, can also be attributed as the external environment factors and the small and medium-sized enterprise own factor, analysis of constraints is prerequisite way to solve the problem.
What is the financing of small and medium enterprises? There are mainly 12 kinds of small and medium enterprises financing at present around the implementation and innovation of:
A comprehensive credit
The bank for some good operating conditions, reliable credit enterprises, granted a period within a certain amount of credit, enterprises can be recycled in the range of validity and the amount. Comprehensive credit line by the enterprise to declare the disposable materials, disposable bank approval. Enterprises can according to their own operating conditions by using the models, with the loan, the loan business is very convenient, but also saves the cost of financing. Banks to adopt this way to provide loans, generally for industrial and commercial registration, annual inspection, well managed, reliable reputation, with the bank have a long-term cooperative relations of enterprise.
Two, credit guarantee loan
At present in the country 31 provinces, city, more than 100 city has established the SME credit guarantee institutions. Most of these agencies membership management form, belong to the public service, industry self-discipline, non-profit organization. The source of the guarantee fund, is generally by the local government finance, members voluntarily pay membership funds, social funds raised funds of commercial banks, etc.. The member enterprises borrowing from banks, the SMEs credit guarantee institution guarantee. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises can also seek to carry out a special security services intermediary service Guarantee corporation. When companies do not provide a bank acceptable to the security measures, such as mortgage, pledge or third party credit guarantee, the Guarantee corporation can solve these problems. Because compared with banks, Guarantee Corporation collateral requirements more flexible. , of course, guarantee company in order to protect their own interests, often require companies to provide counter guarantee measures, sometimes guarantee the company will send personnel to the enterprises to monitor the flow of funds.
Three, the buyer loans
If there is a reliable market for products of the enterprise, but in its own capital is insufficient, poor financial management foundation, can provide collateral, or seek third-party guarantees difficult situation, the bank can in accordance with the contract of sale, the buyer to provide loans to support. The seller can charge a certain percentage of payment to the buyer, in order to solve the financial difficulties in the production process. Issued by the buyer or the seller to bank acceptance bills, drafts to the bank discount.
Four, remote joint cooperation loans
Some small and medium-sized enterprise product market is very wide, or provide supporting parts for some large enterprises, or enterprise group company Matsu Ko. In the process of production cooperation, need to add production funds, can seek a sponsored by the lead bank and the reunification of the group provide loans, and then by the Corporation of the enterprise collaboration to provide the necessary funds, local banks with contract supervision. Can also be combined with collaborative enterprises led by the bank's Bank to provide loans separately.
Five, project development loans
If some of the high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises has significant value of scientific and technological achievements into the project, the initial investment amount is relatively large, private capital is difficult to bear, can apply for project development loans to banks. Commercial banks to have a mature technology and good market prospects of high-tech products or patent projects of small and medium-sized enterprises and technological transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises with high and new technology achievements will give positive credit support, to promote the enterprises to speed up the pace of transformation of scientific and technological achievements. To establish a stable development relationship with universities and research institutions or have their own research department of the high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises, in addition to providing the bank liquidity loans, can also apply for project development loans.
Six, export loan
For the production of export products, the bank can provide according to the export contract, or the importer's credit visa, provide loan package. The enterprise can provide cash accounts, foreign exchange mortgage loan. The source of foreign exchange business, can obtain loans in RMB settlement certificates. Optimistic about the prospects for export enterprises, but also taking technological transformation through a certain amount of loans.
Seven, natural guaranteed loans
In August 2002, industrial and Commercial Bank of China launched the first natural secured loan business, industrial and Commercial Bank of China in the future, the domestic institutions, to the small and medium-sized enterprise for the period within 3 years of credit business, by a natural person to provide secured with property and bear the liability of compensation. Individuals can take mortgage guarantees, rights pledge, mortgage and guarantee in three ways. Can the property as collateral including personal all property, land use rights and transportation etc.. Pledge of personal property can include savings deposits, bonds and financial bonds registered. Canadian mortgage guarantee refers to the mortgage on the property on the basis of the mortgagor, additional joint liability guarantee. If the borrower fails to repay all the principal and interest of the loan or occurrence of other events of default, banks will request the guarantor to perform his obligations.
Eight, personal loans
China Construction Bank, Minsheng Bank, CITIC Industrial Bank and other commercial banks have launched a new variety of personal financing business loans. Provide funds from individuals entrusted by commercial banks, according to the client to determine the loan object, purpose, amount, term, interest rates, a loan to extend, supervision, and assist in the use of recovery. For the basic procedure of personal loans is 1 by the client to the bank for the loan application. 2 banks were selected according to the matching conditions and requirements, and recommend to the client and the borrower. The 3 principal and borrowers meet directly on specific issues and details such as the loan amount, interest rate, loan period, repayment of negotiation and decision. 4 the two sides negotiated lending requirements, and went to the bank and the bank signed a trust agreement respectively. Investigation on the credit status of the borrower's repayment ability and 5 banks and issued a survey report, then the two sides signed borrowing loan contract and the bank loans after approval.
Nine, intangible assets secured loans
According to the relevant provisions of the "PRC security law", intangible assets, property rights and trademark rights, in accordance with the transfer of patent rights and copyrights can be used as a loan pledge.
Ten, discount note financing
Discount note financing refers to the holders of the notes, commercial paper will be transferred to the bank, get the discount interest funds after the deduction. In our country, the commercial paper mainly refers to the bank acceptance and commercial acceptance bill. One of the benefits of this kind of financing is bank lending to enterprises in accordance with the scale of assets, but according to market conditions (sales contract) to loan. The date of the bill to receive cash business maturity, often at least dozens of days, more than 300 days, the funds are idle at this time. If the enterprise can make full use of discounted bills financing, far more than the loan application procedure is simple, and the cost of financing is very low. Bill discount only with corresponding bills to the bank for the relevant procedures can, in general can be within three business days completed, for enterprises. This is "with tomorrow's money earn acquired money", this kind of financing way is widespread, active use of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Eleven, financial leasing
Financial leasing has become the second largest financing equipment investment in foreign bank credit in developed countries. Financial leasing is a collection of credit, leasing, trade in one, separation of new financing with the characteristic of ownership and use of the lease object. Some equipment manufacturers fancy equipment, can be entrusted to the Finance Leasing Company invested purchased, and then in the form of leasing equipment delivery enterprises. When the enterprise rent paid during the contract period, the ownership will eventually have the equipment. Through financial leasing, enterprise be a small amount of money to achieve the advanced technology and equipment, production and also rent, for lack of funds of enterprises, financial leasing is accelerated investment, expand the production of good way; some product backlog of enterprises, financial leasing can be regarded as to promote sales and expand the market.
Twelve, mortgage financing
Pawn is the kind of mortgage, a temporary loan financing to the real transfer of ownership form. Compared with bank loans, high cost of pawn loans, small loans, but also bank loans pawn incomparable advantages. First, with the bank to the borrower's credit conditions almost harsh requirements compared to pawn of customer credit requirements is almost zero, pawn line focus only on pawn items are genuine. And general commercial banks only do real estate mortgages, and the pawn can be movable and immovable property and to pledge two. Domestic famous horse: pawn pawn, Intertek pawn etc..
If you want to learn more about the financing of small and medium-sized enterprise knowledge, editorial recommendation:
Bridge financing model of small and medium enterprises
The financing strategy of small and medium sized enterprises
At different stages of the enterprise financing mode selection
